It is an urgent task to understand how wildlife changes its ecology and behavior in the presence of humans, especially endangered species. Therefore, my study aim is to reveal the nursing strategy of Masai giraffes living in Katavi National Park and other two National Parks in the presence of humans to examine if they have the same tendency as giraffes in the northern part of Tanzania as I have described before. I ensure that my study would useful information for planning the conservation action plan for the Masai giraffe. Additionally, to promote conservation, it is also important to understand the wildlife–human relationships not only from the aspects of the wildlife side but also from the side of local people living there (However I will conduct this part in another research period. During 2023, I will mainly focus on the study about the behavior of giraffe). Hosaka et al (2018) reported that the frequency of childhood play in green spaces was correlated positively with that of nature-based activities. This result suggests that life history affects peoples’ attitudes toward nature. Therefore, I would like to conduct the same survey on park rangers to reveal the relationship between their knowledge of wildlife and life history because ranger is an important actor to promote wildlife conservation.

Reveal the nursing strategy of giraffes under the human presence

The study aims to reveal giraffes' nursing strategy under human presence. The results of these aspects will enable us to compare the result with the another two national pakrs and to understand how giraffe mothers adjust nursing strategy according to the different human presence.