This research is motivated by my academic training and practical interest in natural resource governance and community-based conservation in Tanzania. Growing up and working in areas where rural livelihoods closely interact with wildlife, I have observed how human–wildlife conflict (HWC) undermines household welfare, conservation outcomes, and trust between communities and government institutions. Through my studies and engagement with local development and environmental management issues, I developed a strong interest in understanding how local government authorities can effectively respond to such conflicts. Focusing on Siha District Council in the Kilimanjaro Region, this study reflects my commitment to examining the role of local governance, leadership practices, and community participation in mitigating HWC, with the aim of generating evidence-based insights that can inform policy, strengthen local institutions, and promote coexistence between people and wildlife.